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Enkomputiligis Don HARLOW |
The ending of the adverb is e.
| bone = well | rapide = fast, rapidly |
| bele = nicely | diligente = diligently |
| li skribas rapide = he writes fast |
| ŝia frato kantas tre bele = her brother sings very nicely |
| pli = more | tro = too (much) |
| plej = most | ol = than |
The comparative of adjectives and adverbs is formed with the word pli, more, the superlative with the word plej, most.
| bona = good | diligente = diligently |
| pli bona = better | pli diligente = more diligently |
| plej bona = best | plej diligente = most diligently |
| ŝi estas pli juna ol mi = she is younger than I |
| vi laboras pli rapide ol li = you work faster than he |
Esperanto has many prefixes and suffixes which form new words. The prefix mal denotes opposite ideas.
| malbona = bad | malrapide = slowly |
| malgranda = little, small | malpli = less |
| maljuna = old | malplej = least |
The suffix in denotes feminines.
| patr'in'o = mother | fil'in'o = daughter |
| frat'in'o = sister | knab'in'o = girl |
| mia patrino estas tre maljuna = my mother is very old |
| la knabino iras tro malrapide = the girl walks too slowly |
The ending of the past tense is is.
| mi estis = I was, have been |
| li skribis = he wrote, has written |
| ŝi parolis = she spoke, has spoken |
| ni laboris = we worked, have worked |
| vi legis = you read, have read |
| ili kuris = they ran, have run |
| veni = to come | hieraŭ = yesterday |
| kiam = when | ĉu = whether |
| kiam vi venis? = when did you come? |
| mi venis hieraŭ = I came yesterday |
When a sentence does not begin with an interrogative pronoun like who, kiu, or an interrogative adverb such as when, kiam, where, kie, etc., Esperanto uses the word ĉu to denote the question — like we use in English do or does.
| li parolas = he speaks |
| vi komprenas = you understand |
| ĉu li parolas? = does he speak? |
| ĉu vi ne komprenas? = do you not understand? |
| tiam = then | neniam = never |
| tial = therefore | tiu = that (person) |
| jam = already | povi = to be able, can |
| angla = English | respondi = to answer |
| scii = to know, be aware of; |
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Kial vi ne venis hieraŭ? Mi ne venis, ĉar mi estis malsana. Ĉu via filino ankoraŭ dormas? Ne, ŝi ne dormas, ŝi jam kuras en la ĝardeno. Mia fratino estas pli maljuna ol via. Ĉu vi scias, kie estis la malgrandaj knabinoj? Mi ne scias. Mi komprenas tre bone, sed mi ne povas respondi, ĉar mi ankoraŭ ne parolas esperante, sed nur angle. When did he come? He came yesterday. Is she happy? I do not know. Does your sister sing better than mine? Why did he not answer? He could not, because he does not speak English. |